文章目录[隐藏]
概要
- 防盗链
- 根据文件类型设置过期时间
- 静态资源访问
- 日志配置
- 日志字段说明
- access_log 访问日志
- error_log 日志
- 日志切割
- 反向代理
- 禁止指定user_agent
- nginx访问控制
- 负载均衡
防盗链
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="519">location</span> <span class="hljs-regexp js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="553">~* \.(gif|jpg|png)$</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="442"># 只允许 192.168.0.1 请求资源</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="520">valid_referers</span> <span class="hljs-literal js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="468">none</span> <span class="hljs-literal js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="469">blocked</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="470">192.168.0.1</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="521">if</span> (<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="471">$invalid_referer</span>) {
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="522">rewrite</span><span class="hljs-regexp js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="554"> ^/</span> http://<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="472">$host</span>/logo.png;
}
}<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="561">复制代码</span>
根据文件类型设置过期时间
location ~.*\.css$ {
expires 1d;
<span class="hljs-built_in js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="555">break</span>;
}
location ~.*\.js$ {
expires 1d;
<span class="hljs-built_in js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="556">break</span>;
}
location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$ {
access_log off;
expires 15d; <span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="443">#保存15天</span>
<span class="hljs-built_in js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="557">break</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="444"># curl -x127.0.0.1:80 http://www.test.com/static/image/common/logo.png -I #测试图片的max-age</span>
<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="562">复制代码</span>
静态资源访问
<span class="hljs-section js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="513">http</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="445"># 这个将为打开文件指定缓存,默认是没有启用的,max 指定缓存数量,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="446"># 建议和打开文件数一致,inactive 是指经过多长时间文件没被请求后删除缓存。</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="523">open_file_cache</span> max=<span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="473">204800</span> inactive=<span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="474">20s</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="447"># open_file_cache 指令中的inactive 参数时间内文件的最少使用次数,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="448"># 如果超过这个数字,文件描述符一直是在缓存中打开的,如上例,如果有一个</span>
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="449"># 文件在inactive 时间内一次没被使用,它将被移除。</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="524">open_file_cache_min_uses</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="475">1</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="450"># 这个是指多长时间检查一次缓存的有效信息</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="525">open_file_cache_valid</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="476">30s</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="451"># 默认情况下,Nginx的gzip压缩是关闭的, gzip压缩功能就是可以让你节省不</span>
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="452"># 少带宽,但是会增加服务器CPU的开销哦,Nginx默认只对text/html进行压缩 ,</span>
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="453"># 如果要对html之外的内容进行压缩传输,我们需要手动来设置。</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="526">gzip</span> <span class="hljs-literal js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="477">on</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="527">gzip_min_length</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="478">1k</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="528">gzip_buffers</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="479">4</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="480">16k</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="529">gzip_http_version</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="481">1</span>.<span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="482">0</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="530">gzip_comp_level</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="483">2</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="531">gzip_types</span> text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;
<span class="hljs-section js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="514">server</span> {
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="532">listen</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="484">80</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="533">server_name</span> www.test.com;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="534">charset</span> utf-<span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="485">8</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="535">root</span> /data/www.test.com;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="536">index</span> index.html index.htm;
}
}<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="563">复制代码</span>
日志配置
日志字段说明
字段 | 说明 | |
---|---|---|
remote_addr 和 http_x_forwarded_for | 客户端 IP 地址 | |
remote_user | 客户端用户名称 | |
request | 请求的 URI 和 HTTP 协议 | |
status | 请求状态 | |
body_bytes_sent | 返回给客户端的字节数,不包括响应头的大小 | |
bytes_sent | 返回给客户端总字节数 | |
connection | 连接的序列号 | |
connection_requests | 当前同一个 TCP 连接的的请求数量 | |
msec | 日志写入时间。单位为秒,精度是毫秒 | |
pipe | 如果请求是通过HTTP流水线(pipelined)发送,pipe值为“p”,否则为“.” | |
http_referer | 记录从哪个页面链接访问过来的 | |
http_user_agent | 记录客户端浏览器相关信息 | |
request_length | 请求的长度(包括请求行,请求头和请求正文) | |
time_iso8601 | ISO8601标准格式下的本地时间 | |
time_local | 记录访问时间与时区 |
access_log 访问日志
<span class="hljs-section js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="515">http</span> {
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="537">log_format</span> access <span class="hljs-string js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="508">'<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="486">$remote_addr</span> - <span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="487">$remote_user</span> [<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="488">$time_local</span>] <span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="489">$host</span> "<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="490">$request</span>" '</span>
<span class="hljs-string js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="509">'<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="491">$status</span> <span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="492">$body_bytes_sent</span> "<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="493">$http_referer</span>" '</span>
<span class="hljs-string js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="510">'"<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="494">$http_user_agent</span>" "<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="495">$http_x_forwarded_for</span>" "<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="496">$clientip</span>"'</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="538">access_log</span> /srv/log/nginx/talk-fun.access.log access;
}<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="564">复制代码</span>
error_log 日志
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="539">error_log</span> /srv/log/nginx/nginx_error.log <span class="hljs-literal js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="497">error</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="454"># error_log /dev/null; # 真正的关闭错误日志</span>
<span class="hljs-section js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="516">http</span> {
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="455"># ...</span>
}<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="565">复制代码</span>
日志切割
<span class="hljs-meta js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="559">#</span><span class="bash"> 和apache不同的是,nginx没有apache一样的工具做切割,需要编写脚本实现。<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="456"># 在/usr/local/sbin下写脚本</span></span>
<span class="hljs-meta js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="560">
#</span><span class="bash">!/bin/bash</span>
dd=$(date -d '-1 day' +%F)[ -d /tmp/nginx_log ] || mkdir /tmp/nginx_log
mv /tmp/nginx_access.log /tmp/nginx_log/$dd.log
/etc/init.d/nginx reload > /dev/null
<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="566">复制代码</span>
反向代理
<span class="hljs-section js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="517">http</span> {
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="540">include</span> mime.types;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="541">server_tokens</span> <span class="hljs-literal js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="498">off</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="457">## 配置反向代理的参数</span>
<span class="hljs-section js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="518">server</span> {
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="542">listen</span> <span class="hljs-number js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="499">8080</span>;
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="458">## 1. 用户访问 http://ip:port,则反向代理到 https://github.com</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="543">location</span> / {
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="544">proxy_pass</span> https://github.com;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="545">proxy_redirect</span> <span class="hljs-literal js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="500">off</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="546">proxy_set_header</span> Host <span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="501">$host</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="547">proxy_set_header</span> X-Real-IP <span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="502">$remote_addr</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="548">proxy_set_header</span> X-Forwarded-For <span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="503">$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for</span>;
}
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="459">## 2.用户访问 http://ip:port/README.md,则反向代理到</span>
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="460">## https://github.com/zibinli/blog/blob/master/README.md</span>
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="549">location</span> /README.md {
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="550">proxy_set_header</span> X-Real-IP <span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="504">$remote_addr</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="551">proxy_set_header</span> X-Forwarded-For <span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="505">$proxy_add_x_forwarded_for</span>;
<span class="hljs-attribute js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="552">proxy_pass</span> https://github.com/zibinli/blog/blob/master/README.md;
}
}
}<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="567">复制代码</span>
禁止指定user_agent
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="461">#虚拟主机的配置文件里加入:</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="467">if</span> (<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="506">$http_user_agent</span> ~* <span class="hljs-string js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="511">'baidu|360|sohu'</span>) <span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="462">#禁止useragent为baidu、360和sohu,~*表示不区分大小写匹配</span>
{
<span class="hljs-built_in js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="558">return</span> 403;
}
location / 和 location ~ / 优先级是不一样的。
结合这个文章研究一下吧 http://blog.itpub.net/27181165/viewspace-777202/
curl -A <span class="hljs-string js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="512">"baidu"</span> -x127.0.0.1:80 www.test.com/forum.php -I 该命令指定百度为user_agent,返回403
<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="568">复制代码</span>
nginx访问控制
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="463"># 可以设置一些配置禁止一些ip的访问</span>
deny 127.0.0.1; <span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="464">#全局定义限制,location里的是局部定义的。如果两者冲突,以location这种精确地优先,</span>
location ~ .*admin\.php$ {
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="465">#auth_basic "cct auth";</span>
<span class="hljs-comment js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="466">#auth_basic_user_file /usr/local/nginx/conf/.htpasswd;</span>
allow 127.0.0.1; 只允许127.0.0.1的访问,其他均拒绝
deny all;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/www.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /data/www<span class="hljs-variable js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="507">$fastcgi_script_name</span>;
}
<span class="copy-code-btn js-evernote-checked" data-evernote-id="569">复制代码</span>
负载均衡
http {
upstream test.net {
ip_hash;
server 192.168.10.13:80;
server 192.168.10.14:80 down;
server 192.168.10.15:8009 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=20s;
server 192.168.10.16:8080;
}
server {
location / {
proxy_pass http://test.net;
}
}
}
最新评论
十塊年費是直接從這張卡裡的外幣按匯率扣?
有人申请成功了吗?我的已经两天了,没有消息,没有收到成功邮件。信用卡扣了款!